ABSTRACT
Background: Medication errors are common problem in the hospitals leading to adverse drug event which is usually under reported by the health-care professionals; hence, the study on medication error would help to create consciousness in medical care providers and give quality care to patients and society. Aim and Objective: The aims of the study were as follows (i) To assess the types of medication error that occurs during medication use in the medicine intensive care unit (ICU) and (ii) to evaluate the adverse drug events by medication errors. Materials and Methods: The data were collected in medicine ICU Patients. Clinical data include age, gender, IP number, and diagnosis of the patient were collected. Data were analyzed on transcribed and administered medication errors. Out of 386 patients, 122 were females and 264 were males. Results: Most common age group was 41–60 year. Near seven drugs were prescribed per patient. Most common errors occurred during the drug transcribing stage (51.4%) than the administration stage (44.29%). Adverse events were more common in allergic reaction (46.15%) and musculoskeletal system (19.23%), and nervous system (11.53%). Conclusion: Medication errors are most routine problem faced in hospitals, which can significantly harm the patient. It should be recognized and their causes should be studied to minimize the recurrence and to prevent further adverse drug events.
ABSTRACT
Background: Antimicrobial agents (AMAs) are an integral part of management of diseases in the department of general medicine, and a wide range of antimicrobials are used for prevention, prophylaxis, or treatment of various infectious diseases. Systematic studies regarding the pattern of AMAs use may help in improving the quality of patient care by evidence-based practices and also in formulating effective antimicrobial usage guidelines. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (i) To analyze the prescribing trends of Antimicrobials in Medicine wards of a Tertiary Care Hospital; (ii) to assess safety profile of AMAs; and (iii) to analyze extraneous factors influencing AMAs prescription. Materials and Methods: The prospective analysis of Antimicrobial prescriptions of Medicine wards for the period of July 2018–August 2019. The class of AMAs, formulation, dose, route of administration, frequency, and duration of administration and their safety was assessed using the WHO indicators. Results: The most frequently used AMAs were third generation cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone) and it was frequently combined with metronidazole. The choice of initial AMAs was empirical, which was later changed depending on the clinical response. The AMAs were effective in preventing or controlling infections and well tolerated without any serious adverse reactions or drug interactions. Conclusions: The rational use of AMAs is necessary to control worldwide emergence of antibacterial resistance, side effects, and to reduce the cost of treatment.
ABSTRACT
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2-novel coronavirus termed as COVID 19 is a major outbreak which was deleterious globally created a rapid cases of pulmonary infectious disease that caused the SARS. Building up confidence in vaccination depends on the interaction between public and doctors. Attitude toward usage of vaccination by healthcare workers (HCWs) is a major factor that is associated with general public acceptance of vaccination, fidelity to schedules, and devoid of hesitation/aversion. In addition, vaccinated HCWs also have a perceptible effect of decisiveness in general public to take a vaccine. Aims and Objectives: To understand the knowledge, attitude and practices on COVID vaccine among HCWs. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based, observational cross-sectional study done in Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Teaching hospital, Hassan. A sample of 340 HCWs who have been vaccinated 1st dose of inactivated COVID Vaccine was taken up for the study. A predesigned questionnaire was prepared and given to all the HCWs in the observation period of 30 min after vaccination. The questionnaire had 13 questions, and the data were collected and analyzed. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. Results: This study was done in a district hospital, Hassan, Karnataka with a sample size of 340 HCWs participated in the study and completed the study questionnaire, out of which 146 men (43.4%) and 190 women (56.54%). Willingness to take the vaccine is 96%. 93.4% of HCWs encourage others to take vaccine. Our institution arranged a adverse events following immunization reporting and monitoring team management and 93.9% of the HCWs knew where to report if any adverse events occur in the observation period of 30 min after vaccination and also after going back to their respective homes through a telephone number and also this will help knowing the and acceptability of the vaccines. Conclusion: HCWs play an influential role in general public vaccination program. The information from this study will help to gain more knowledge and also allow the general public to future vaccination acceptability. The approach of HCWs might help in creating awareness and preventing false information about COVID vaccine among general public.
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten causes of mortality and the leading cause of a single infectious agent. Unfortunately, India is home to approximately one-fourth of drug-resistant (DR)-TB cases globally. Despite all the developments in TB, the disease is becoming an important threat to public health. Objective: The present analysis was done to describe the profile and assess and compare the outcome of DR-TB patient admitted in DR-TB ward, Sir Sunderlal Hospital (SSH), Banaras Hindu University (BHU). Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from 2013 to 2018 of multi-DR (MDR)-TB patients admitted in DR-TB ward, SSH, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU and treatment initiated after pre-treatment evaluation was conducted. Patients were referred from nearby nine districts of Uttar Pradesh. After pre-treatment evaluation treatment was initiated at DR-TB center, SSH as well as in their respective district. Results: A total of 3234 (76.7%) MDR-TB patients out of 4216 MDR-diagnosed patients were initiated on standard treatment which has increased from 74% in 2013. More than 93% of the cases were older than 15 years of age with slightly male predominance. The majority (>96%) of the cases were pulmonary TB. In the present analysis conversion of MDR-TB to extensively DR-TB (XDR-TB) was 7.7%. The treatment success rate for XDR-TB had also significantly improved from 11% in 2015 to 34% in 2017. Conclusion: Analysis shows 7.7% MDR patients converted into XDR; hence, there is a strong need to explore factors responsible for conversion. 7% of patients were <15 years of age indicating the need for separate pediatric DR-TB ward. 18% of DR-TB patients were defaulters; hence, the reason for it should be sought and addressed. Treatment success rate for MDR-TB has been seen improved from 40% in 2013 to 48% in 2017.